The Association
includes today over eighty boat owners, all lovers of the wild,
mostly unexplored Venice lagoon and of its sailing traditions,
which go back in time more than a thousand years.
In the course of the
centuries and under the pressure of everyday usage, the shapes of
lagoon hulls and sails underwent constant improvements. The most
famous example of the results thus achieved is the gondola,
perhaps the most efficient boat to be manoeuvered by one man with
just one oar. It was demonstrated that the energy expenditure of
a gondolier pushing his boat with six passengers corresponds to
that of a person walking at leisure on a plane surface.
During the last five
decades the shapes of lagoon boats moved quickly away from the
tradition, because of the availability of motors, which called
for different hulls, and because of the discovery of new
materials, less expensive than wood and easier to handle and
maintain.
But in the 1950s
there still existed on the lagoon a small number of boat owners
who were so attached to the old ways as to resist the
overwhelming trend for modernity. They passed their extremely
rich, hard won competence to a few friends, who in 1988 got
together to create the Lug Sail Association, whose purpose it is
to keep the ancient tradition alive.
The survival of
ancient techniques was favoured in Venice by the peculiar nature
of its environment. The Venice lagoon is a large body of water (about
two hundred square miles), friendly and well protected while
exposed to gentle thermic breezes. Because of large shallow areas,
it is best best navigated with flat bottom boats with no keel -
this is why our ancestors developped movable rudders and a whole
set of astonishing devices. Lug sail boats still are the best way
to explore the lagoon's thirty-four islands, most of which are
abandoned, its bird sanctuaries and the countless areas where
silence and wildlife remain untouched.
The Association's
members own their own boats, which range from the noble topo (a
fully decked fishing boat) to the pleasance topo, to the
sampierota (so called from the name of San Piero in Volta, the
lagoon village where it was fitst produced), to the topetta, to
the light sandolo , to the very mible mascareta.
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The sails are all strictly al terzo (literally:
at one third), according to the tradition which became
dominant in the lagoon from the Eighteenth century on.
They take their name from the fact that the top yard
supporting the sail (pico) hangs from the mast at about
one third (terzo) of its length (starting from the front).
During the centuries there was much discussion (and there
still is) about the ideal shape of a lug sail of this
kind. Among the many variables are the peak angle (and
all other angles), the flatness versus fulness, the best
position for the dynamic center, the best length for the
front side, and so on. The standard version was somehow
codified at the end of the nineteenth century by a Mr.Naccari
from Chioggia (a fishing village on the lagoon) and has
the shape shown in the figure.
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Notice that the two
front angles are supposed to be 125 degrees (upper angle) and 108
degrees (lower angle). The top angle (angolo di penna) should be
around 50 degrees.
A wealth of detailed,
useful information about our lug sails and about the Venice
lagoon can be found in the splendid volume: Vela al Terzo
a Venezia, edited by Vittorio Resto,
and winner of a national award as the best sport-related book of
the year (published by Il Cardo, Venice in 1993).
The book is out of print at the present time. We will announce
its reprint as soon as it takes place.
Under its charter the
Association develops the following activities:
- Every year it organizes nine
regattas for boats rigged with lug sails. The total
number of participants is now close to one hundred. For
residents and tourists it is a real spectacle to watch,
as dozens of colored sails fight for the first places at
the departure line!
- It organizes social, non-competitive
outings.
- It collects and maintains
file cards relative to all the traditional boats still
sailing on the lagoon. The first result of this work has
been a large and handsome poster, where we have
reproduced seventy-four of our boats in full detail, with
sails and rudders. Contact us if you want to have one!
- It organizes, or takes part
in the organization of, shows and meetings on themes
related to traditonal sailing boats.
- It offers a steady reference
point for all those persons who, having seen our sails on
the lagoon and having felt the difference, intend to
approach the world of lug sailing.
- It takes part in the teaching
of lug sail initiation courses, which are becoming
frequent on the lagoon.
- Twice a year it publishes
Andar al Terzo, a small magazine which is quickly
becoming a meeting point for lovers of traditional
sailing in small crafts.